Pushing changes to github
### 1. Version Naming Convention:
Version naming often follows the Semantic Versioning scheme, which has the format `MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH`:
- **MAJOR**: Incremented when you make incompatible API changes.
- **MINOR**: Incremented when you add functionality in a backward-compatible manner.
- **PATCH**: Incremented when you make backward-compatible bug fixes.
For example, if your current version is `1.3.4`:
- Fixing a small bug would make it `1.3.5`.
- Adding a new feature without breaking existing functionality might make it `1.4.0`.
- If you make a change that breaks backward compatibility, it would become `2.0.0`.
For your situation, you can decide the version based on the significance and compatibility of your changes in the `adding_time` branch.
### 2. Pushing Changes with Version Details and Comments:
#### Step 1: Ensure You're on the Right Branch
First, ensure you're on the `adding_time` branch:
```bash
git checkout adding_time
```
#### Step 2: Stage Your Changes
You can add all changes in the branch:
```bash
git add .
```
#### Step 3: Commit the Changes with a Descriptive Message
```bash
git commit -m "Added time functionality and made other optimizations"
```
This saves your changes with a comment. The comment is a brief summary of what changes were made in this commit.
#### Step 4: Tagging the Commit for Versioning
Assuming you want to tag this commit as version `v1.1.0` (you can choose your own version number):
```bash
git tag -a v1.1.0 -m "Version 1.1.0: Added time functionality"
```
#### Step 5: Push the Branch and Tags to GitHub
Push the changes in the branch:
```bash
git push origin adding_time
```
Then, push the tag:
```bash
git push origin v1.1.0
```
### Final Notes:
By following the above steps, you'll have pushed your changes to the `adding_time` branch on GitHub, and you'll also have tagged that specific commit with a version number and description. This makes it easier to track the progress of your code and identify specific points in your development history.
How to see all thr git branches in a nice way
git log --all --decorate --oneline --graph
Pulling changes
To pull the latest version from a branch named `adding_time` on a local machine, you would follow these steps:
1. **Navigate to your project directory:** Open a terminal (or Git Bash/command prompt on Windows) and navigate to the local directory where your project resides.
```
cd /path/to/your/repo
```
2. **Ensure you are on the correct branch:** Before pulling the latest version, make sure you're on the `adding_time` branch.
```
git checkout adding_time
```
If the branch doesn’t exist locally, this command will give an error. In that case, you first need to fetch the branch:
```
git fetch origin adding_time
git checkout adding_time
```
3. **Pull the latest version:** Once you're on the correct branch, you can pull the latest version from GitHub.
```
git pull origin adding_time
```
This will retrieve the latest changes from the `adding_time` branch on GitHub and merge them into your local `adding_time` branch.
Remember, if you have local changes that haven't been committed yet, you might face merge conflicts when you try to pull. Make sure to either commit or stash your changes before pulling to avoid complications.
Forcing github version on local machine
If you want to force your local branch to match exactly what's on GitHub, discarding any local changes or commits, you can follow these steps:
1. **Navigate to your project directory:**
Open a terminal (or Git Bash/command prompt on Windows) and navigate to the local directory where your project resides.
```bash
cd /path/to/your/repo
```
2. **Fetch the latest changes from GitHub without trying to merge or rebase anything:**
```bash
git fetch origin
```
3. **Reset your local branch to match the GitHub version:**
If you're working with a specific branch (e.g., `adding_time`), make sure you check it out:
```bash
git checkout adding_time
```
Then, perform the reset:
```bash
git reset --hard origin/adding_time
```
The `reset --hard` command is powerful and will overwrite your local changes, discarding anything that doesn't match the version on GitHub. Always make sure you're aware of what you're discarding when using this command.
Handling conflict properly.
Handling merge conflicts in Git can seem daunting initially, but with a proper understanding and systematic approach, they can be resolved effectively. Here's a step-by-step guide to handling conflicts:
1. **Understand the Cause:** Merge conflicts occur when changes in one file are incompatible with changes in another file and Git can’t decide which version to use. Common scenarios include:
- Two developers change the same lines in a file.
- One developer deletes a file while another developer modifies it.
2. **Stay Calm:** Conflicts are a regular part of collaboration. Don't be afraid of them; they indicate areas that need your attention.
3. **Begin the Resolution:**
When you attempt a `git merge` or `git pull` and there's a conflict, Git will provide an output like:
```
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in <filename>
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
```
4. **Locate the Conflicts:** You can find all the files with conflicts using:
```bash
git status
```
5. **Open the File and Review the Conflict:** In the conflicted file, you'll see conflict markers:
```bash
<<<<<<< HEAD
(Your changes are here)
=======
(Incoming changes are here)
>>>>>>> branch-name
```
6. **Resolve the Conflict:**
- Decide which changes you want to keep: yours, the incoming ones, or maybe a combination of both.
- Edit the file to remove the conflict markers and make the file look exactly how you want it.
- It can be helpful to discuss with the collaborator(s) who made the conflicting changes to decide on the best resolution.
7. **Test Your Changes:** Before committing the resolved conflict, ensure that your changes work as expected, especially if the conflicts were in the code.
8. **Mark the Conflicts as Resolved:** After you've resolved the conflict in a file, mark it as resolved with:
```bash
git add <filename>
```
9. **Commit the Resolution:** Once all conflicts are resolved and marked as such:
```bash
git commit
```
This will create a merge commit. If you're resolving conflicts from a rebase, use `git rebase --continue` instead.
10. **Push Your Changes:** If you're working with a remote repository, push your changes so others can see the resolved conflicts.
11. **Use Graphical Tools (Optional):** Some people find it easier to resolve conflicts using graphical merge tools. Git can be configured to use various diff tools like `meld`, `kdiff3`, or even the resolution tools in GUIs like GitHub Desktop or SourceTree.
12. **Preventing Conflicts:**
- Communicate with your team regularly to know who is working on what.
- Pull the latest changes frequently, so you're always working on a recent version.
- Consider using feature branches to work on features or fixes in isolation.
Remember, while conflicts can seem challenging at first, with practice, they become more manageable. Embrace them as a natural part of collaborative development and use them as opportunities to improve communication within your team.
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